Mastering ‘Tener’: A Comprehensive Guide to Spanish Conjugation
Understanding the Spanish verb tener (to have) is crucial for anyone learning Spanish. It’s one of the most frequently used verbs, appearing in countless everyday conversations and written texts. Mastering its conjugation allows you to express possession, age, obligations, and a wide range of other essential concepts. This article provides a detailed guide to tener conjugation, covering all its forms, uses, and nuances. Whether you’re a beginner or an advanced learner, this comprehensive resource will help you confidently use tener in any context.
This guide breaks down the complexities of tener, offering clear explanations, numerous examples, and practical exercises. It is designed for students, travelers, and anyone interested in improving their Spanish grammar skills. By the end of this article, you will have a solid understanding of tener conjugation and its various applications, enabling you to communicate more effectively and accurately in Spanish.
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Definition of ‘Tener’
- Structural Breakdown of Conjugation
- Present Tense
- Preterite Tense
- Imperfect Tense
- Future Tense
- Conditional Tense
- Present Perfect Tense
- Past Perfect Tense
- Future Perfect Tense
- Conditional Perfect Tense
- Subjunctive Mood
- Imperative Mood
- Examples of ‘Tener’ in Use
- Usage Rules for ‘Tener’
- Common Mistakes
- Practice Exercises
- Advanced Topics
- FAQ
- Conclusion
Definition of ‘Tener’
The Spanish verb tener primarily translates to “to have” in English. However, its usage extends beyond simple possession. It is an irregular verb, meaning its conjugation does not follow the standard patterns of regular verbs. Tener is classified as a transitive verb, requiring a direct object to complete its meaning. Its function is to express possession, obligation, age, and certain states of being.
In addition to expressing possession, tener is used in idiomatic expressions to convey various meanings. For example, tener hambre means “to be hungry,” and tener sed means “to be thirsty.” These expressions highlight the versatility of tener and its importance in everyday communication. Understanding these idiomatic uses is essential for mastering the verb.
Tener plays a crucial role in forming compound tenses, such as the present perfect and past perfect. As an auxiliary verb in these tenses, it helps to indicate actions that have been completed. Its diverse functions make it an indispensable verb for expressing a wide range of ideas and concepts in Spanish.
Structural Breakdown of Conjugation
The conjugation of tener involves changes to the verb stem and endings to indicate tense, mood, and person. The stem of tener undergoes significant changes in some tenses, making it an irregular verb. Understanding these changes is essential for accurate conjugation.
The present tense conjugation of tener is particularly irregular. The first-person singular form (yo tengo) and the third-person singular forms (él/ella/usted tiene) deviate from the standard verb endings. These irregularities are important to memorize. The other forms, while still irregular, follow a more predictable pattern.
In other tenses, such as the preterite and imperfect, the stem remains relatively consistent, but the endings still need careful attention. The subjunctive mood also presents irregular forms, especially in the present subjunctive. By studying each tense and mood individually, you can gradually master the complete conjugation of tener.
Present Tense
The present tense of tener is used to express current possession, states, and obligations. It is one of the most frequently used tenses of the verb, making it essential to master. The conjugation is irregular, particularly in the first-person singular form.
The present tense conjugation of tener is as follows:
- Yo tengo (I have)
- Tú tienes (You have, informal)
- Él/Ella/Usted tiene (He/She/You have, formal)
- Nosotros/Nosotras tenemos (We have)
- Vosotros/Vosotras tenéis (You have, informal plural, used in Spain)
- Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes tienen (They/You have, formal plural)
Here are some examples of tener in the present tense:
Pronoun | Conjugation | Example Sentence | Translation |
---|---|---|---|
Yo | tengo | Yo tengo un libro. | I have a book. |
Tú | tienes | Tú tienes una bicicleta. | You have a bicycle. |
Él | tiene | Él tiene un coche nuevo. | He has a new car. |
Ella | tiene | Ella tiene una casa grande. | She has a big house. |
Usted | tiene | Usted tiene razón. | You are right. (formal) |
Nosotros | tenemos | Nosotros tenemos hambre. | We are hungry. |
Vosotros | tenéis | Vosotros tenéis suerte. | You are lucky. (informal plural, Spain) |
Ellos | tienen | Ellos tienen muchos amigos. | They have many friends. |
Ellas | tienen | Ellas tienen mucho trabajo. | They have a lot of work. |
Ustedes | tienen | Ustedes tienen que estudiar. | You have to study. (formal plural) |
Yo | tengo | Yo tengo 25 años. | I am 25 years old. |
Tú | tienes | Tú tienes frío. | You are cold. |
Él | tiene | Él tiene miedo. | He is afraid. |
Ella | tiene | Ella tiene sed. | She is thirsty. |
Usted | tiene | Usted tiene paciencia. | You have patience. (formal) |
Nosotros | tenemos | Nosotros tenemos un problema. | We have a problem. |
Vosotros | tenéis | Vosotros tenéis razón. | You are right. (informal plural, Spain) |
Ellos | tienen | Ellos tienen calor. | They are hot. |
Ellas | tienen | Ellas tienen prisa. | They are in a hurry. |
Ustedes | tienen | Ustedes tienen suerte. | You are lucky. (formal plural) |
Preterite Tense
The preterite tense of tener is used to express completed actions in the past. It is used for actions that had a definite beginning and end. The conjugation is irregular, but the stem remains consistent.
The preterite tense conjugation of tener is as follows:
- Yo tuve (I had)
- Tú tuviste (You had, informal)
- Él/Ella/Usted tuvo (He/She/You had, formal)
- Nosotros/Nosotras tuvimos (We had)
- Vosotros/Vosotras tuvisteis (You had, informal plural, used in Spain)
- Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes tuvieron (They/You had, formal plural)
Here are some examples of tener in the preterite tense:
Pronoun | Conjugation | Example Sentence | Translation |
---|---|---|---|
Yo | tuve | Yo tuve un problema ayer. | I had a problem yesterday. |
Tú | tuviste | Tú tuviste una buena idea. | You had a good idea. |
Él | tuvo | Él tuvo un accidente. | He had an accident. |
Ella | tuvo | Ella tuvo mucho éxito. | She had a lot of success. |
Usted | tuvo | Usted tuvo una reunión importante. | You had an important meeting. (formal) |
Nosotros | tuvimos | Nosotros tuvimos una fiesta. | We had a party. |
Vosotros | tuvisteis | Vosotros tuvisteis suerte. | You were lucky. (informal plural, Spain) |
Ellos | tuvieron | Ellos tuvieron una discusión. | They had an argument. |
Ellas | tuvieron | Ellas tuvieron tiempo libre. | They had free time. |
Ustedes | tuvieron | Ustedes tuvieron que trabajar mucho. | You had to work a lot. (formal plural) |
Yo | tuve | Yo tuve que estudiar anoche. | I had to study last night. |
Tú | tuviste | Tú tuviste que ir al médico. | You had to go to the doctor. |
Él | tuvo | Él tuvo que vender su coche. | He had to sell his car. |
Ella | tuvo | Ella tuvo que limpiar la casa. | She had to clean the house. |
Usted | tuvo | Usted tuvo que esperar mucho. | You had to wait a long time. (formal) |
Nosotros | tuvimos | Nosotros tuvimos que cancelar el viaje. | We had to cancel the trip. |
Vosotros | tuvisteis | Vosotros tuvisteis que pagar la cuenta. | You had to pay the bill. (informal plural, Spain) |
Ellos | tuvieron | Ellos tuvieron que pedir ayuda. | They had to ask for help. |
Ellas | tuvieron | Ellas tuvieron que resolver el problema. | They had to solve the problem. |
Ustedes | tuvieron | Ustedes tuvieron que tomar una decisión. | You had to make a decision. (formal plural) |
Imperfect Tense
The imperfect tense of tener is used to describe ongoing or habitual actions in the past. It is used for actions that did not have a definite beginning or end, or to describe what someone “used to have”. The conjugation is regular within the imperfect tense pattern.
The imperfect tense conjugation of tener is as follows:
- Yo tenía (I used to have/I had)
- Tú tenías (You used to have/You had, informal)
- Él/Ella/Usted tenía (He/She/You used to have/He/She/You had, formal)
- Nosotros/Nosotras teníamos (We used to have/We had)
- Vosotros/Vosotras teníais (You used to have/You had, informal plural, used in Spain)
- Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes tenían (They/You used to have/They/You had, formal plural)
Here are some examples of tener in the imperfect tense:
Pronoun | Conjugation | Example Sentence | Translation |
---|---|---|---|
Yo | tenía | Yo tenía mucho tiempo libre. | I used to have a lot of free time. |
Tú | tenías | Tú tenías un perro. | You used to have a dog. |
Él | tenía | Él tenía una bicicleta roja. | He used to have a red bicycle. |
Ella | tenía | Ella tenía el pelo largo. | She used to have long hair. |
Usted | tenía | Usted tenía muchos amigos. | You used to have many friends. (formal) |
Nosotros | teníamos | Nosotros teníamos una casa en la playa. | We used to have a house on the beach. |
Vosotros | teníais | Vosotros teníais mucha energía. | You used to have a lot of energy. (informal plural, Spain) |
Ellos | tenían | Ellos tenían un jardín grande. | They used to have a big garden. |
Ellas | tenían | Ellas tenían muchos problemas. | They used to have many problems. |
Ustedes | tenían | Ustedes tenían que estudiar mucho. | You used to have to study a lot. (formal plural) |
Yo | tenía | Cuando era niño, yo tenía muchos juguetes. | When I was a child, I had many toys. |
Tú | tenías | Antes, tú tenías más tiempo para leer. | Before, you had more time to read. |
Él | tenía | Antes de casarse, él tenía un coche deportivo. | Before getting married, he had a sports car. |
Ella | tenía | Cuando vivía en España, ella tenía muchos amigos españoles. | When she lived in Spain, she had many Spanish friends. |
Usted | tenía | Antes, usted tenía más paciencia. | Before, you had more patience. (formal) |
Nosotros | teníamos | Cuando éramos jóvenes, nosotros teníamos muchos sueños. | When we were young, we had many dreams. |
Vosotros | teníais | Antes, vosotros teníais más dinero. | Before, you had more money. (informal plural, Spain) |
Ellos | tenían | Antes de mudarse, ellos tenían una vista hermosa. | Before moving, they had a beautiful view. |
Ellas | tenían | Cuando trabajaban aquí, ellas tenían mucha responsabilidad. | When they worked here, they had a lot of responsibility. |
Ustedes | tenían | Antes, ustedes tenían más oportunidades. | Before, you had more opportunities. (formal plural) |
Future Tense
The future tense of tener is used to express actions that will happen in the future. It is formed by adding future endings to the infinitive form of the verb (tener). The conjugation is regular within the future tense pattern.
The future tense conjugation of tener is as follows:
- Yo tendré (I will have)
- Tú tendrás (You will have, informal)
- Él/Ella/Usted tendrá (He/She/You will have, formal)
- Nosotros/Nosotras tendremos (We will have)
- Vosotros/Vosotras tendréis (You will have, informal plural, used in Spain)
- Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes tendrán (They/You will have, formal plural)
Here are some examples of tener in the future tense:
Pronoun | Conjugation | Example Sentence | Translation |
---|---|---|---|
Yo | tendré | Yo tendré más tiempo libre mañana. | I will have more free time tomorrow. |
Tú | tendrás | Tú tendrás una nueva oportunidad. | You will have a new opportunity. |
Él | tendrá | Él tendrá éxito en su carrera. | He will have success in his career. |
Ella | tendrá | Ella tendrá un bebé pronto. | She will have a baby soon. |
Usted | tendrá | Usted tendrá una buena jubilación. | You will have a good retirement. (formal) |
Nosotros | tendremos | Nosotros tendremos una fiesta el sábado. | We will have a party on Saturday. |
Vosotros | tendréis | Vosotros tendréis muchas aventuras. | You will have many adventures. (informal plural, Spain) |
Ellos | tendrán | Ellos tendrán una casa nueva. | They will have a new house. |
Ellas | tendrán | Ellas tendrán más responsabilidades. | They will have more responsibilities. |
Ustedes | tendrán | Ustedes tendrán que trabajar duro. | You will have to work hard. (formal plural) |
Yo | tendré | El próximo año, yo tendré un nuevo coche. | Next year, I will have a new car. |
Tú | tendrás | En el futuro, tú tendrás una familia grande. | In the future, you will have a big family. |
Él | tendrá | Después de graduarse, él tendrá un buen trabajo. | After graduating, he will have a good job. |
Ella | tendrá | Cuando se case, ella tendrá una vida feliz. | When she gets married, she will have a happy life. |
Usted | tendrá | Con el tiempo, usted tendrá más experiencia. | Over time, you will have more experience. (formal) |
Nosotros | tendremos | El año que viene, nosotros tendremos vacaciones largas. | Next year, we will have long vacations. |
Vosotros | tendréis | En el futuro, vosotros tendréis éxito en vuestros proyectos. | In the future, you will have success in your projects. (informal plural, Spain) |
Ellos | tendrán | Después de ahorrar, ellos tendrán suficiente dinero. | After saving, they will have enough money. |
Ellas | tendrán | Cuando terminen sus estudios, ellas tendrán muchas oportunidades. | When they finish their studies, they will have many opportunities. |
Ustedes | tendrán | Con dedicación, ustedes tendrán una carrera exitosa. | With dedication, you will have a successful career. (formal plural) |
Conditional Tense
The conditional tense of tener is used to express what someone would have under certain conditions. It is formed by adding conditional endings to the infinitive form of the verb (tener). The conjugation is regular within the conditional tense pattern.
The conditional tense conjugation of tener is as follows:
- Yo tendría (I would have)
- Tú tendrías (You would have, informal)
- Él/Ella/Usted tendría (He/She/You would have, formal)
- Nosotros/Nosotras tendríamos (We would have)
- Vosotros/Vosotras tendríais (You would have, informal plural, used in Spain)
- Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes tendrían (They/You would have, formal plural)
Here are some examples of tener in the conditional tense:
Pronoun | Conjugation | Example Sentence | Translation |
---|---|---|---|
Yo | tendría | Yo tendría más tiempo si no trabajara. | I would have more time if I didn’t work. |
Tú | tendrías | Tú tendrías más amigos si fueras más sociable. | You would have more friends if you were more sociable. |
Él | tendría | Él tendría un coche nuevo si tuviera dinero. | He would have a new car if he had money. |
Ella | tendría | Ella tendría un jardín si viviera en el campo. | She would have a garden if she lived in the countryside. |
Usted | tendría | Usted tendría una vida mejor si se mudara. | You would have a better life if you moved. (formal) |
Nosotros | tendríamos | Nosotros tendríamos más vacaciones si pudiéramos. | We would have more vacations if we could. |
Vosotros | tendríais | Vosotros tendríais más éxito si estudiarais más. | You would have more success if you studied more. (informal plural, Spain) |
Ellos | tendrían | Ellos tendrían una casa grande si ganaran la lotería. | They would have a big house if they won the lottery. |
Ellas | tendrían | Ellas tendrían más oportunidades si hablaran inglés. | They would have more opportunities if they spoke English. |
Ustedes | tendrían | Ustedes tendrían una vida más tranquila si vivieran aquí. | You would have a quieter life if you lived here. (formal plural) |
Yo | tendría | Si tuviera tiempo, yo tendría un perro. | If I had time, I would have a dog. |
Tú | tendrías | Si estudiaras, tú tendrías mejores notas. | If you studied, you would have better grades. |
Él | tendría | Si fuera más valiente, él tendría más amigos. | If he were braver, he would have more friends. |
Ella | tendría | Si tuviera dinero, ella tendría un coche nuevo. | If she had money, she would have a new car. |
Usted | tendría | Si fuera más joven, usted tendría más energía. | If you were younger, you would have more energy. (formal) |
Nosotros | tendríamos | Si tuviéramos vacaciones, nosotros tendríamos una fiesta. | If we had vacations, we would have a party. |
Vosotros | tendríais | Si trabajarais menos, vosotros tendríais más tiempo libre. | If you worked less, you would have more free time. (informal plural, Spain) |
Ellos | tendrían | Si vivieran aquí, ellos tendrían una vida mejor. | If they lived here, they would have a better life. |
Ellas | tendrían | Si hablaran español, ellas tendrían más oportunidades. | If they spoke Spanish, they would have more opportunities. |
Ustedes | tendrían | Si tuvieran más paciencia, ustedes tendrían menos problemas. | If you had more patience, you would have fewer problems. (formal plural) |
Present Perfect Tense
The present perfect tense of tener is used to express actions that have been completed at some point in the past but are still relevant to the present. It is formed using the auxiliary verb haber in the present tense + the past participle of tener (tenido).
Examples of tener in the present perfect tense:
Pronoun | Conjugation | Example Sentence | Translation |
---|---|---|---|
Yo | he tenido | Yo he tenido muchos problemas últimamente. | I have had many problems lately. |
Tú | has tenido | Tú has tenido una buena semana. | You have had a good week. |
Él | ha tenido | Él ha tenido mucho éxito en su trabajo. | He has had a lot of success in his work. |
Ella | ha tenido | Ella ha tenido una vida interesante. | She has had an interesting life. |
Usted | ha tenido | Usted ha tenido mucha paciencia. | You have had a lot of patience. (formal) |
Nosotros | hemos tenido | Nosotros hemos tenido una buena experiencia. | We have had a good experience. |
Vosotros | habéis tenido | Vosotros habéis tenido suerte. | You have had luck. (informal plural, Spain) |
Ellos | han tenido | Ellos han tenido muchas dificultades. | They have had many difficulties. |
Ellas | han tenido | Ellas han tenido muchas oportunidades. | They have had many opportunities. |
Ustedes | han tenido | Ustedes han tenido que trabajar mucho. | You have had to work a lot. (formal plural) |
Yo | he tenido | Nunca he tenido un accidente. | I have never had an accident. |
Tú | has tenido | ¿Alguna vez has tenido problemas con esto? | Have you ever had problems with this? |
Él | ha tenido | Él ha tenido que estudiar mucho para el examen. | He has had to study a lot for the exam. |
Ella | ha tenido | Ella ha tenido la oportunidad de viajar por el mundo. | She has had the opportunity to travel the world. |
Usted | ha tenido | Usted ha tenido un gran impacto en nuestras vidas. | You have had a great impact on our lives. (formal) |
Nosotros | hemos tenido | Nosotros hemos tenido mucho apoyo de nuestros amigos. | We have had a lot of support from our friends. |
Vosotros | habéis tenido | Vosotros habéis tenido mucha suerte en vuestra vida. | You have had a lot of luck in your life. (informal plural, Spain) |
Ellos | han tenido | Ellos han tenido mucho éxito en sus negocios. | They have had a lot of success in their businesses. |
Ellas | han tenido | Ellas han tenido una gran influencia en la comunidad. | They have had a great influence in the community. |
Ustedes | han tenido | Ustedes han tenido un papel importante en este proyecto. | You have had an important role in this project. (formal plural) |
Past Perfect Tense
The past perfect tense of tener, also known as pluperfect, expresses an action that had been completed before another action in the past. It’s formed using the auxiliary verb haber in the imperfect tense + the past participle of tener (tenido).
Examples of tener in the past perfect tense:
Pronoun | Conjugation | Example Sentence | Translation |
---|---|---|---|
Yo | había tenido | Yo ya había tenido la experiencia antes de ir allí. | I had already had the experience before going there. |
Tú | habías tenido | Tú habías tenido la oportunidad de estudiar en el extranjero. | You had had the opportunity to study abroad. |
Él | había tenido | Él había tenido un coche deportivo antes de casarse. | He had had a sports car before getting married. |
Ella | había tenido | Ella había tenido muchos problemas antes de encontrar una solución. | She had had many problems before finding a solution. |
Usted | había tenido | Usted ya había tenido la experiencia antes de que yo llegara. | You had already had the experience before I arrived. (formal) |
Nosotros | habíamos tenido | Nosotros habíamos tenido una casa en la playa antes de mudarnos. | We had had a house on the beach before moving. |
Vosotros | habíais tenido | Vosotros habíais tenido muchas aventuras antes de establecernos. | You had had many adventures before settling down. (informal plural, Spain) |
Ellos | habían tenido | Ellos habían tenido mucha suerte antes de perderlo todo. | They had had a lot of luck before losing everything. |
Ellas | habían tenido | Ellas habían tenido una gran influencia en la comunidad antes de irse. | They had had a great influence in the community before leaving. |
Ustedes | habían tenido | Ustedes ya habían tenido la oportunidad de participar en el proyecto. | You had already had the opportunity to participate in the project. (formal plural) |
Yo | había tenido | Cuando llegué, ya había tenido mi café de la mañana. | When I arrived, I had already had my morning coffee. |
Tú | habías tenido | Antes de conocerme, tú habías tenido muchas experiencias interesantes. | Before meeting me, you had had many interesting experiences. |
Él | había tenido | Antes de empezar a trabajar allí, él había tenido varios trabajos diferentes. | Before starting to work there, he had had several different jobs. |
Ella | había tenido | Antes de casarse, ella había tenido una vida muy independiente. | Before getting married, she had had a very independent life. |
Usted | había tenido | Antes de jubilarse, usted había tenido una carrera muy exitosa. | Before retiring, you had had a very successful career. (formal) |
Nosotros | habíamos tenido | Antes de venderla, nosotros habíamos tenido esa casa por muchos años. | Before selling it, we had had that house for many years. |
Vosotros | habíais tenido | Antes de mudaros aquí, vosotros habíais tenido una vida muy diferente. | Before moving here, you had had a very different life. (informal plural, Spain) |
Ellos | habían tenido | Antes de arruinarse, ellos habían tenido mucho dinero. | Before going bankrupt, they had had a lot of money. |
Ellas | habían tenido | Antes de separarse, ellas habían tenido una relación muy fuerte. | Before separating, they had had a very strong relationship. |
Ustedes | habían tenido | Antes de empezar este curso, ustedes ya habían tenido alguna experiencia. | Before starting this course, you had already had some experience. (formal plural) |
Future Perfect Tense
The future perfect tense of tener is used to express an action that will have been completed before a specific time in the future. It is formed using the future tense of the auxiliary verb haber + the past participle of tener (tenido).
The future perfect tense conjugation of tener is as follows:
- Yo habré tenido (I will have had)
- Tú habrás tenido (You will have had, informal)
- Él/Ella/Usted habrá tenido (He/She/You will have had, formal)
- Nosotros/Nosotras habremos tenido (We will have had)
- Vosotros/Vosotras habréis tenido (You will have had, informal plural, used in Spain)
- Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes habrán tenido (They/You will have had, formal plural)
Here are some examples of tener in the future perfect tense:
Pronoun | Conjugation | Example Sentence | Translation |
---|---|---|---|
Yo | habré tenido | Para el año que viene, yo habré tenido suficiente experiencia. | By next year, I will have had enough experience. |
Tú | habrás tenido | Cuando te gradúes, tú habrás tenido muchas oportunidades. | When you graduate, you will have had many opportunities. |
Él | habrá tenido | Para entonces, él habrá tenido éxito en su carrera. | By then, he will have had success in his career. |
Ella | habrá tenido | Antes de jubilarse, ella habrá tenido una vida plena. | Before retiring, she will have had a full life. |
Usted | habrá tenido | Para cuando termine el proyecto, usted habrá tenido un gran impacto. | By the time the project is finished, you will have had a great impact. (formal) |
Nosotros | habremos tenido | Antes de venderla, nosotros habremos tenido la casa por diez años. | Before selling it, we will have had the house for ten years. |
Vosotros | habréis tenido | Para cuando volvamos, vosotros habréis tenido muchas aventuras. | By the time we return, you will have had many adventures. (informal plural, Spain) |
Ellos | habrán tenido | Antes de mudarse, ellos habrán tenido la oportunidad de viajar. | Before moving, they will have had the opportunity to travel. |
Ellas | habrán tenido | Para cuando se casen, ellas habrán tenido una larga relación. | By the time they get married, they will have had a long relationship. |
Ustedes | habrán tenido | Antes de terminar el curso, ustedes habrán tenido mucha práctica. | Before finishing the course, you will have had a lot of practice. (formal plural) |
Yo | habré tenido | En 2025, yo habré tenido mi coche por cinco años. | In 2025, I will have had my car for five years. |
Tú | habrás tenido | Cuando cumplas 30, tú habrás tenido muchas experiencias. | When you turn 30, you will have had many experiences. |
Él | habrá tenido | Antes de jubilarse, él habrá tenido una carrera exitosa. | Before retiring, he will have had a successful career. |
Ella | habrá tenido | Para cuando termine la universidad, ella habrá tenido mucha experiencia laboral. | By the time she finishes university, she will have had a lot of work experience. |
Usted | habrá tenido | En el futuro, usted habrá tenido la oportunidad de hacer una diferencia. | In the future, you will have had the opportunity to make a difference. (formal) |
Nosotros | habremos tenido | Antes de que termine el año, nosotros habremos tenido unas vacaciones. | Before the end of the year, we will have had a vacation. |
Vosotros | habréis tenido | Para cuando nos visitéis, vosotros habréis tenido un año muy ocupado. | By the time you visit us, you will have had a very busy year. (informal plural, Spain) |
Ellos | habrán tenido | Antes de mudarse, ellos habrán tenido la oportunidad de viajar por Europa. | Before moving, they will have had the opportunity to travel around Europe. |
Ellas | habrán tenido | Para cuando publiquen su libro, ellas habrán tenido mucho reconocimiento. | By the time they publish their book, they will have had a lot of recognition. |
Ustedes | habrán tenido | Antes de que termine el curso, ustedes habrán tenido mucha práctica. | Before the course ends, you will have had a lot of practice. (formal plural) |
Conditional Perfect Tense
The conditional perfect tense of tener is used to express what someone would have had, if something else had happened. It is formed using the conditional tense of the auxiliary verb haber + the past participle of tener (tenido).
The conditional perfect tense conjugation of tener is as follows:
- Yo habría tenido (I would have had)
- Tú habrías tenido (You would have had, informal)
- Él/Ella/Usted habría tenido (He/She/You would have had, formal)
- Nosotros/Nosotras habríamos tenido (We would have had)
- Vosotros/Vosotras habríais tenido (You would have had, informal plural, used in Spain)
- Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes habrían tenido (They/You would have had, formal plural)
Here are some examples of tener in the conditional perfect tense:
Pronoun | Conjugation | Example Sentence | Translation |
---|---|---|---|
Yo | habría tenido | Si hubiera estudiado más, yo habría tenido mejores notas. | If I had studied more, I would have had better grades. |
Tú | habrías tenido | Si hubieras ahorrado dinero, tú habrías tenido suficiente para el viaje. | If you had saved money, you would have had enough for the trip. |
Él | habría tenido | Si hubiera trabajado duro, él habría tenido éxito. | If he had worked hard, he would have had success. |
Ella | habría tenido | Si hubiera invertido, ella habría tenido más dinero ahora. | If she had invested, she would have had more money now. |
Usted | habría tenido | Si hubiera aceptado el trabajo, usted habría tenido una mejor oportunidad. | If you had accepted the job, you would have had a better opportunity. (formal) |
Nosotros | habríamos tenido | Si hubiéramos sabido, nosotros habríamos tenido cuidado. | If we had known, we would have been careful. |
Vosotros | habríais tenido | Si hubierais llegado a tiempo, vosotros habríais tenido la oportunidad. | If you had arrived on time, you would have had the opportunity. (informal plural, Spain) |
Ellos | habrían tenido | Si hubieran planeado con anticipación, ellos habrían tenido menos problemas. | If they had planned ahead, they would have had fewer problems. |
Ellas | habrían tenido | Si hubieran hablado con honestidad, ellas habrían tenido una mejor relación. | If they had spoken honestly, they would have had a better relationship. |
Ustedes | habrían tenido | Si hubieran seguido las instrucciones, ustedes habrían tenido éxito. | If you had followed the instructions, you would have had success. (formal plural) |
Yo | habría tenido | Si hubiera comprado la casa, yo habría tenido un lugar para vivir. | If I had bought the house, I would have had a place to live. |
Tú | habrías tenido | Si hubieras estudiado español, tú habrías tenido más oportunidades de trabajo. | If you had studied Spanish, you would have had more job opportunities. |
Él | habría tenido | Si hubiera hecho ejercicio, él habría tenido mejor salud. | If he had exercised, he would have had better health. |
Ella | habría tenido | Si hubiera dormido más, ella habría tenido más energía. | If she had slept more, she would have had more energy. |
Usted | habría tenido | Si hubiera tomado el consejo, usted habría tenido una mejor situación. | If you had taken the advice, you would have had a better situation. (formal) |
Nosotros | habríamos tenido | Si hubiéramos llegado antes, nosotros habríamos tenido mejores asientos. | If we had arrived earlier, we would have had better seats. |
Vosotros | habríais tenido | Si hubierais planeado la fiesta, vosotros habríais tenido más invitados. | If you had planned the party, you would have had more guests. (informal plural, Spain) |
Ellos | habrían tenido | Si hubieran ahorrado dinero, ellos habrían tenido unas vacaciones mejores. | If they had saved money, they would have had a better vacation. |
Ellas | habrían tenido | Si hubieran seguido sus sueños, ellas habrían tenido una vida más feliz. | If they had followed their dreams, they would have had a happier life. |
Ustedes | habrían tenido | Si hubieran tomado el curso, ustedes habrían tenido más conocimientos. | If you had taken the course, you would have had more knowledge. (formal plural) |
Subjunctive Mood
The subjunctive mood is used to express doubts, wishes, emotions, possibilities, and necessities. It’s often used in subordinate clauses after certain conjunctions like que (that), para que (so that), a menos que (unless), en caso de que (in case), and others. The subjunctive forms of tener are irregular.
Present Subjunctive
The present subjunctive of tener is:
- Yo tenga (that I have)
- Tú tengas (that you have, informal)
- Él/Ella/Usted tenga (that he/she/you have, formal)
- Nosotros/Nosotras tengamos (that we have)
- Vosotros/Vosotras tengáis (that you have, informal plural, used in Spain)
- Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes tengan (that they/you have, formal plural)
Examples:
Pronoun | Conjugation | Example Sentence | Translation |
---|---|---|---|
Yo | tenga | Es importante que yo tenga suficiente dinero. | It’s important that I have enough money. |
Tú | tengas | Quiero que tú tengas una buena vida. | I want you to have a good life. |
Él | tenga | Es posible que él tenga razón. | It’s possible that he is right. |
Ella | tenga | Dudo que ella tenga tiempo para eso. | I doubt that she has time for that. |
Usted | tenga | Es necesario que usted tenga paciencia. | It is necessary that you have patience. (formal) |
Nosotros | tengamos | Espero que nosotros tengamos éxito. | I hope that we have success. |
Vosotros | tengáis | Quiero que vosotros tengáis una buena experiencia. | I want you to have a good experience. (informal plural, Spain) |
Ellos | tengan | Es posible que ellos tengan la solución. | It’s possible that they have the solution. |
Ellas | tengan | Dudo que ellas tengan el dinero. | I doubt that they have the money. |
Ustedes | tengan | Es importante que ustedes tengan cuidado. | It’s important that you are careful. (formal plural) |
Imperfect Subjunctive
The imperfect subjunctive of tener has two possible forms. Both are equally valid and used.
- Yo tuviera OR Yo tuviese (that I had)
- Tú tuvieras OR Tú tuvieses (that you had, informal)
- Él/Ella/Usted tuviera OR Él/Ella/Usted tuviese (that he/she/you had, formal)
- Nosotros/Nosotras tuviéramos OR Nosotros/Nosotras tuviésemos (that we had)
- Vosotros/Vosotras tuvierais OR Vosotros/Vosotras tuvieseis (that you had, informal plural, used in Spain)
- Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes tuvieran OR Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes tuviesen (that they/you had, formal plural)
Examples:
Pronoun | Conjugation | Example Sentence | Translation |
---|---|---|---|
Yo | tuviera/tuviese | Si yo tuviera/tuviese más tiempo, viajaría. | If I had more time, I would travel. |
Tú | tuvieras/tuvieses | Si tú tuvieras/tuvieses dinero, comprarías un coche. | If you had money, you would buy a car. |
Él | tuviera/tuviese | Si él tuviera/tuviese la oportunidad, la tomaría. | If he had the opportunity, he would take it. |
Ella | tuviera/tuviese | Si ella tuviera/tuviese la respuesta, nos la diría. | If she had the answer, she would tell us. |
Usted | tuviera/tuviese | Si usted tuviera/tuviese mi edad, entendería. | If you were my age, you would understand. (formal) |
Nosotros | tuviéramos/tuviésemos | Si nosotros tuviéramos/tuviésemos una casa, haríamos una fiesta. | If we had a house, we would throw a party. |
Vosotros | tuvierais/tuvieseis | Si vosotros tuvierais/tuvieseis más paciencia, tendríais éxito. | If you had more patience, you would have success. (informal plural, Spain) |
Ellos | tuvieran/tuviesen | Si ellos tuvieran/tuviesen la oportunidad, vendrían. | If they had the opportunity, they would come. |
Ellas | tuvieran/tuviesen | Si ellas tuvieran/tuviesen más dinero, ayudarían a otros. | If they had more money, they would help others. |
Ustedes | tuvieran/tuviesen | Si ustedes tuvieran/tuviesen más información, podrían decidir. | If you had more information, you could decide. (formal plural) |
Future Subjunctive
The future subjunctive is rarely used in modern Spanish. It is mostly found in legal or formal contexts.
For completeness, here’s how it conjugates:
- Yo tuviere (if I should have)
- Tú tuvieres (if you should have, informal)
- Él/Ella/Usted tuviere (if he/she/you should have, formal)
- Nosotros/Nosotras tuviéremos (if we should have)
- Vosotros/Vosotras tuviereis (if you should have, informal plural, used in Spain)
- Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes tuvieren (if they/you should have, formal plural)
Example:
Si alguien tuviere información sobre el caso, debe contactar a la policía. (If anyone should have information about the case, they should contact the police.)
Imperative Mood
The imperative mood is used to give commands or make requests. The imperative forms of tener are:
- Ten (You have, informal – singular)
- Tenga (You have, formal – singular)
- Tened (You have, informal – plural, used in Spain)
- Tengan (You have, formal – plural)
- Tengamos (Let’s have)
Examples:
Pronoun | Conjugation | Example Sentence | Translation |
---|---|---|---|
Tú | Ten | Ten cuidado. | Be careful. |
Usted | Tenga | Tenga paciencia, por favor. | Please, be patient. (formal) |
Nosotros | Tengamos | Tengamos esperanza. | Let’s have hope. |
Vosotros | Tened | Tened cuidado al cruzar la calle. | Be careful when crossing the street. (informal plural, Spain) |
Ustedes | Tengan | Tengan todos un buen día. | Have a good day, everyone. (formal plural) |
Examples of ‘Tener’ in Use
Here are some more varied examples of tener in different tenses and contexts:
- Tengo que estudiar para el examen. (I have to study for the exam.)
- ¿Tienes planes para el fin de semana? (Do you have plans for the weekend?)
- Él tiene un coche muy caro. (He has a very expensive car.)
- Nosotros tenemos una reunión mañana. (We have a meeting tomorrow.)
- Ellos tenían un perro cuando eran niños. (They had a dog when they were children.)
- Si tuviera más dinero, viajaría por el mundo. (If I had more money, I would travel the world.)
- Habré tenido suficiente experiencia para entonces. (I will have had enough experience by then.)
- Tenga cuidado con lo que dice. (Be careful with what you say. – formal)
Usage Rules for ‘Tener’
Here are some key usage rules for tener:
- Possession: Use tener to express possession. (Yo tengo un libro. – I have a book.)
- Age: Use tener to express age. (Ella tiene 20 años. – She is 20 years old.)
- Obligation: Use tener que + infinitive to express obligation. (Tenemos que trabajar. – We have to work.)
- Idiomatic Expressions: Use tener in various idiomatic expressions. (Tener hambre – to be hungry, Tener sed – to be thirsty, Tener calor – to be hot, Tener frío – to be cold, Tener razón – to be right, Tener suerte – to be lucky, Tener miedo – to be afraid, Tener prisa – to be in a hurry, Tener sueño – to be sleepy)
- Compound Tenses: Use tener indirectly when using the auxiliary verb “haber” to form perfect tenses (present perfect, past perfect, future perfect, conditional perfect).
Common Mistakes
Here are some common mistakes learners make with tener:
- Using ser or estar for possession: Incorrect: Soy un libro. Correct: Tengo un libro.
- Incorrect verb endings: Pay attention to the irregular conjugations in the present tense.
- Forgetting “que” with obligation: Incorrect: Tengo estudiar. Correct: Tengo que estudiar.
- Misusing idiomatic expressions: Make sure to use the correct expression with tener.
Practice Exercises
Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks with the Correct Form of ‘Tener’
- Yo ________ un coche nuevo. (present tense)
- ¿Tú ________ tiempo para ayudarme? (present tense)
- Él ________ que estudiar para el examen. (present tense)
- Nosotros ________ una casa grande.